Musculoskeletal (MSK) health refers to the optimal functioning of the bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues (ligaments and tendons). It is fundamental to a person’s ability to move, work, and maintain independence throughout their life.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

Core Functions of the Musculoskeletal System

The system performs several critical roles that support both physical activity and internal biological processes:

Movement and Mobility: Muscles contract to pull on bones, acting as levers to facilitate voluntary movement.
Structural Support: The skeleton provides a rigid framework that gives the body its shape and supports its weight.
Organ Protection: Bones act as a "shield" for vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain).
Mineral Storage: Bones serve as a reservoir for essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow is the primary site for generating red and white blood cells.
Heat Generation: Muscle contractions produce roughly 85% of the body's heat.

Current State of Musculoskeletal Health

Musculoskeletal conditions are a global health challenge, affecting approximately 1.71 billion people worldwide (WHO).

Leading Cause of Disability: MSK conditions, particularly low back pain, are the primary contributors to years lived with disability globally.
Impact on Work: These conditions are the single biggest cause of work absence and early retirement.
Common Conditions:
- Joints: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
- Bones: Osteoporosis and fractures.
- Muscles: Sarcopenia and strains.
Co-morbidities: Poor MSK health often co-exists with mental health issues like depression and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Source: Lancashire County Council